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[![Latest Stable Version]](https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/json-codec) [![License]](https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/json-codec) JsonCodec ===================== Interfaces to serialize and deserialize PHP objects to/from JSON. Additional documentation about this library can be found on [mediawiki.org](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/JsonCodec). Usage ----- To make an object serializable/deserializable to/from JSON, the simplest way is to use the `JsonCodecableTrait` and implement two methods in your class, `toJsonArray()` and the static method `newFromJsonArray()`: ```php use Wikimedia\JsonCodec\JsonCodecable; class SampleObject implements JsonCodecable { use JsonCodecableTrait; /** @var string */ public string $property; // .... // Implement JsonCodecable using the JsonCodecableTrait /** @inheritDoc */ public function toJsonArray(): array { return [ 'property' => $this->property, ]; } /** @inheritDoc */ public static function newFromJsonArray( array $json ): SampleObject { return new SampleObject( $json['property'] ); } } ``` A slightly more complicated version of this example can be found in [`tests/SampleObject.php`](./tests/SampleObject.php). If your class requires explicit management -- for example, object instances need to be created using a factory service, you can implement `JsonCodecable` directly: ```php use Wikimedia\JsonCodec\JsonCodecable; class ManagedObject implements JsonCodecable { public static function jsonClassCodec( ContainerInterface $serviceContainer ) { $factory = $serviceContainer->get( 'MyObjectFactory' ); return new class( $factory ) implements JsonClassCodec { // ... public function toJsonArray( $obj ): array { // ... } public function newFromJsonArray( string $className, array $json ): ManagedObject { return $this->factory->create( $json[....] ); } }; } } ``` A full example can be found in [`tests/ManagedObject.php`](./tests/ManagedObject.php). Note that array returned by `toJsonArray()` can include other `JsonCodecable` objects, which will be recursively serialized. When `newFromJsonArray` is called during deserialization, all of these recursively included objects will already have been deserialized back into objects. To serialize an object to JSON, use [`JsonCodec`](./src/JsonCodec.php): ```php use Wikimedia\JsonCodec\JsonCodec; $services = ... your global services object, or null ...; $codec = new JsonCodec( $services ); $string_result = $codec->toJsonString( $someComplexValue ); $someComplexValue = $codec->newFromJsonString( $string_result ); ``` In some cases you want to embed this output into another context, or to pretty-print the output using non-default `json_encode` options. In these cases it can be useful to have access to methods which return or accept the array form of the encoding, just before json encoding/decoding: ```php $array_result = $codec->toJsonArray( $someComplexValue ); var_export($array_result); // pretty-print $request->jsonResponse( [ 'error': false, 'embedded': $array_result ] ); $someComplexValue = $codec->fromJsonArray( $data['embedded'] ); ``` ### Handling "non-codecable" objects In some cases you want to be able to serialize/deserialize third-party objects which don't implement JsonCodecable. This can be done using the JsonCodec method `::addCodecFor()` which allows the creator of the `JsonCodec` instance to specify a `JsonClassCodec` to use for an arbitrary class name. For example: ```php use Wikimedia\JsonCodec\JsonCodec; $codec = new JsonCodec( ...optional services object... ); $codec->addCodecFor( \DocumentFragment::class, new MyDOMSerializer() ); $string_result = $codec->toJsonString( $someComplexValue ); ``` This is done by default to provide a serializer for `stdClass` objects. If adding class codecs one-by-one is not sufficient, for example if you wish to add support for all objects implementing some alternate serialization interface, you can subclass `JsonCodec` and override the protected `JsonCodec::codecFor()` method to return an appropriate codec. Your code should look like this: ```php class MyCustomJsonCodec extends JsonCodec { protected function codecFor( string $className ): ?JsonClassCodec { $codec = parent::codecFor( $className ); if ($codec === null && is_a($className, MyOwnSerializationType::class, true)) { $codec = new MyCustomSerializer(); // Cache this for future use $this->addCodecFor( $className, $codec ); } return $codec; } } ``` A full example can be found in [`tests/AlternateCodec.php`](./tests/AlternateCodec.php). ### More concise output By default JsonCodec embeds the class name of the appropriate object type into the JSON output to enable reliable deserialization. In some applications, however, concise JSON output is desired. By providing an optional "class hint" to the top-level call to `::toJsonArray()` and `newFromJsonArray()` and implementing the `::jsonClassHintFor()` method in your class codec you can suppress unnecessary type information in the JSON when your provided hint matches what would have been added. For example: ``` class SampleContainerObject implements JsonCodecable { use JsonCodecableTrait; /** @var mixed */ public $contents; /** @var list<Foo> */ public array $foos; // ... // Implement JsonCodecable using the JsonCodecableTrait /** @inheritDoc */ public function toJsonArray(): array { return [ 'contents' => $this->contents, 'foos' => $this->foos ]; } /** @inheritDoc */ public static function newFromJsonArray( array $json ): SampleContainerObject { return new SampleContainerObject( $json['contents'], $json['foos'] ); } /** @inheritDoc */ public static function jsonClassHintFor( string $keyName ) { if ( $keyName === 'contents' ) { // Hint that the contained value is a SampleObject. It might be! return SampleObject::class; } elseif ( $keyName === 'foos' ) { // A hint with a modifier return Hint::build( Foo::class, Hint::LIST ); } return null; } } ``` You can then generate concise output by providing the proper hints when serializing and deserializing: ``` use Wikimedia\JsonCodec\JsonCodec; $codec = new JsonCodec(); $value = new SampleContainerObject( new SampleObject( 'sample' ), ... ); $string_result = $codec->toJsonString( $value, SampleContainerObject::class ); // $string_result is now: // {"contents":{"property":"sample"},"foos":[...]}' // with no explicit type information. // But we need to provide the same class hint when deserializing: $value = $codec->newFromJsonString( $string_result, SampleContainerObject::class ); ``` Note that the provided value is a *hint*. If we were to put a value other than a `SampleObject` into the `SampleContainerObject` the type of that value would be embedded into the JSON output, but it would not break serialization/deserialization. As illustrated with the `foos` property, to indicate a homogenous list or array of the given type, you can pass `Hint::build(...., Hint::LIST)` as the class hint. A `stdClass` object where properties are values of the given type can be hinted with `Hint::build(...., Hint::STDCLASS)`. A full example can be found in [`tests/SampleContainerObject.php`](./tests/SampleContainerObject.php). The `Hint::USE_SQUARE` modifier allows `::toJsonArray()` to return a list (see [`array_is_list`](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.array-is-list.php)) and have that list encoded as a JSON array, with square `[]` brackets. The `Hint::ALLOW_OBJECT` modifier ensures that empty objects are serialized as `{}`. It has the side effect that `::toJsonArray()` may in some cases return an _object_ value instead of the _array_ value implied from the method name. The `USE_SQUARE` and `ALLOW_OBJECT` hints are necessary because normally `JsonCodec` attempts to encode all _object values_ with curly `{}` brackets by inserting a `_type_` property in the encoded result when necessary to ensure that the encoded array is never a list. PHP's `json_encode` will use `{}` notation for non-list arrays. If you don't want the added `_type_` property added to your encoded result, then you need to specify whether you prefer `[]` notation (`USE_SQUARE`) or `{}` notation (`ALLOW_OBJECT`) to be used in ambiguous cases. An example with hint modifiers can be found in [`tests/SampleList.php`](./tests/SampleList.php) and its associated test cases. Where a superclass codec can be used to instantiate objects of various subclasses the `Hint::INHERITED` modifier can be used. An example of this can be found in [`tests/Pet.php`](./tests/Pet.php), [`tests/Dog.php`](./tests/Dog.php), and [`tests/Cat.php`](./tests/Cat.php) and their associated test cases in [`tests/JsonCodecTest.php`](./tests/JsonCodecTest.php). In some cases, `::jsonClassHintFor()` may be inadequate to describe the implicit typing of the JSON; for example tagged union values or implicitly-typed objects nested deeply or inside non-homogeneous arrays. For those use cases a `JsonCodecInterface` parameter is provided to the `::jsonClassCodec()` method. This allows the serialization/deserialization code to manually encode/decode portions of its JSON array using an implicit type. More details can be found in the interface documentation for [`src/JsonCodecInterface.php`](./src/JsonCodecInterface.php) and a full example can be found in [`tests/TaggedValue.php`](./tests/TaggedValue.php). Further customization of the encoding of class names and class hints is available using the protected methods `JsonCodec::isArrayMarked()`, `JsonCodec::markArray()` and `JsonCodec::unmarkArray()`. A full example can be found in [`tests/ReservedKeyCodec.php`](./tests/ReservedKeyCodec.php). Running tests ------------- ``` composer install composer test ``` History ------- The JsonCodec concept was first introduced in MediaWiki 1.36.0 ([dbdc2a3cd33](https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/core/+/641575/)). It was split out of the MediaWiki codebase and published as an independent library during the MediaWiki 1.41 development cycle, with changes to the API. --- [Latest Stable Version]: https://poser.pugx.org/wikimedia/json-codec/v/stable.svg [License]: https://poser.pugx.org/wikimedia/json-codec/license.svg
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